In late October 2024, leaders from the Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) conducted a fact-finding mission to New Caledonia to assess the territory’s political and economic challenges. This visit, led by Tonga’s Prime Minister Hu’akavameliku Siaosi Sovaleni, Cook Islands Prime Minister Mark Brown, and Fiji Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka, aimed to understand the underlying causes of recent unrest and to support efforts in reducing tensions.
New Caledonia has experienced significant turmoil following a series of independence referendums between 2018 and 2021, all resulting in votes to remain part of France. Despite these outcomes, indigenous Kanak communities continue to advocate for self-determination, leading to heightened tensions and, in May 2024, violent riots that resulted in 13 deaths and the destruction of numerous businesses.
During their mission, the PIF delegation engaged with a broad spectrum of stakeholders, including government officials, business leaders, community representatives, and religious figures. They visited areas affected by the unrest to gain first-hand insights into the socio-economic impacts. The delegation emphasized the necessity of collaboration and dialogue to address local needs and to foster stability.
A central issue in New Caledonia’s political landscape is the control and management of its substantial nickel reserves, which are among the largest globally. The nickel industry is crucial to the territory’s economy and holds strategic importance for France and Europe, particularly concerning electric vehicle production. The French government’s proposals to expand the voting pool and gain more control over the nickel industry have been met with resistance from the Kanak population, who view these moves as diminishing their influence.
In response to the unrest, French President Emmanuel Macron visited New Caledonia in May 2024, assuring that he would not force through controversial voting reforms and seeking a month-long dialogue with local leaders to find an agreement. Despite these assurances, tensions have persisted, leading to the PIF’s intervention.
The PIF’s involvement underscores the regional significance of New Caledonia’s stability. As a member of the Pacific community, unrest in New Caledonia has implications for trade, investment, and regional security. The PIF’s mission reflects a commitment to supporting peaceful self-determination and equitable economic development within the Pacific.
The outcomes of this mission are expected to inform the PIF’s regional strategy on supporting stability, economic self-reliance, and equitable development. As Pacific nations navigate complex relationships with larger powers, the situation in New Caledonia serves as a reminder of the importance of regional solidarity and strategic economic planning to support both stability and prosperity across the Pacific.
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Mani picture: Pacific Islands leaders in New Caledonia. Photo: Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat website.
